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Income tax — no tax on litigation settlement

My clients were two brothers who owned property that was sought by a developer. The developer had acquired adjoining properties and planned to build a non-profit housing complex. The brothers agreed to form a limited partnership with the developer and sell their property to the partnership. Due to a change in provincial government, funding for non-profit housing was cancelled and the partnership cancelled its development plans. The developer decided to build a condominium instead on the properties it already owned, and refused to proceed with the purchase of the brothers' property.

The brothers sued the developer for breach of contract. They reached a tentative agreement to settle for $300,000. They then wondered how best to structure the agreement for tax purposes, and asked me for help.

I reviewed all the documentation and determined that there were several ways the settlement could be structured. For example, if the brothers sold their interests in the limited partnership, they would have to pay tax of about $95,000. This could be changed if they could instead get a Court order nullifying the partnership agreement on the basis that the agreement had been "frustrated". I pointed out that the Courts have held that a retroactive order from a provincial superior court is binding on the CRA for determining what has happened as between two parties.

I then analyzed the tax treatment of the $300,000 if it was based on the partnership agreement being terminated. If the Court Order nullified the agreements of purchase and sale, then there was authority supporting the principle that it might not be taxable at all. Although the CRA and the Courts would be more likely to find the settlement taxable as a capital gain, there was a supportable filing position to the effect that the settlement would be a "tax nothing" (non-taxable windfall).

Based on my analysis, the brothers chose not to report the settlement in their tax returns. I provided detailed advice to their lawyer as to how to word the consent judgment terminating the litigation, including obtaining a Court order retroactively declaring that both the limited partnership agreement and the sale agreement had never been entered into.

Three years passed from the initial assessment of the brothers' returns, and during that time the CRA did not reassess them. Once the three years passed, the years were "statute-barred", since my clients' failure to report the transaction was reasonable in light of my advice. As a result, they ended up paying no tax on the settlement.

My clients were very happy to keep the full $300,000, instead of paying 1/3 of it to tax!

(1997)