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Income tax — taxpayer did not realize she was non-resident and exempt from Canadian tax

My client worked in Hong Kong for five years, even though she still had a home in Canada and her husband remained in Canada. She filed Canadian tax returns every year. After five years away, she returned to live in Canada.

The client came to see me to help with a question about her foreign tax credit, after the CRA sent her a letter asking her for additional documentation.

In the course of our meeting, I asked the client various questions about her situation during the years she was away. From her answers and with my encyclopaedic knowledge of the tax system, I concluded that we could likely assert that she became non-resident while working in Hong Kong, under the Canada-Hong Kong tax treaty "tie-breaker" rules, which made her resident in Hong Kong and thus not in Canada for those years. As a non-resident of Canada she wasn't liable to pay Canadian tax on her Hong Kong employment income or on her interest income earned in Canada.

I then worked with the client to have her collect extensive documentation to support this position, including medical records, photographs, leases, letters from colleagues, diaries, travel records, a personal account of her years in Hong Kong, and a spreadsheet showing the number of days she spent in different countries during her years away.

Using this information I prepared a detailed submission to CRA, explaining why my client had been non-resident for the five years and her Canadian tax should be cancelled and refunded. The package filled a large binder and took a lot of time to assemble and review, to make sure it was as convincing as possible.

This submission went as a Notice of Objection for the two most recent years, which were still open for objection and appeal. (That way, if the CRA turned us down, these two years could be appealed to the Tax Court of Canada.) For the earlier three years, it was a request to CRA to use its discretion to reopen those years and refund all the Canadian tax.

In due course, a CRA Appeals Officer reviewed the objection and agreed completely with my position. He reversed the most recent two years, and issued reassessments that resulted in my client receiving large refunds.

CRA's Taxpayer Relief section then sent the three earlier years to the same Appeals Officer, since he was already familiar with the file, and he issued reassessments to refund those years as well.

So my client unexpectedly got refunds of hundreds of thousands of dollars.

An unexpected windfall, because she came to me rather than another adviser who would not have picked up on this issue, or might not have been able to present the case as thoroughly.

(2020)